ParaGeo Validation Examples

Contents

In this section several validation cases are presented. Those comprise typical problems which are validated against an analytical or reference solutions.

INDEX

Title	Analysis Type - Features List / Utility	Model
ParaGeo vs Analytical/Reference Solutions
Val_001 Terzaghi Consolidation Problem	Coupled HM (2D)
•Val_001a Explicit Geomechanical Solver •Val_001b Implicit Geomechanical Solver	•Terzaghi uniaxial consolidation problem	Schematic of model (left), ParaGeo results - dots vs analytical - line (right)
Val_002 Mandel's Problem	Coupled HM (2D)
•Val_002a Cylindrical Soil Sample	•Mandel's problem	Schematic of model (left/middle), ParaGeo results vs analytical (right)
•Val_002b Spherical Soil Sample	•Mandel-Cryer effect	Schematic of model (left), Model mesh (middle), ParaGeo results vs analytical (right)
Val_003 Plane Strain Wellbore Problem	Coupled HM (3D)
•Val_003a Permeability of 1⋅10-18 m2 •Val_003b Permeability of 1⋅10-15 m2	•Plane Strain in poroelastic medium (Detournay and Cheng 1988)	Schematic of model ParaGeo results (dots) vs analytical solution (solid lines)
Val_004 Use of Different Element Formulations	Mechanical (2D and 3D)
•Val_004a Internally Pressurized Cylinder o2D Explicit - QPM4, TPM3, TPM3V,TPM6 o2D Implicit - QPM4, QPM4M, QPM8, QPM8M, TPM3, TPM3M, TPM6, TPM6M o3D Explicit - HEX8, TET4, TET4V o3D Implicit - HEX8 (Bbar), HEX8M, HEX20, HEX20M, TET4, TET4M, TET10, TET10M	•Usage of different element types for implicit and explicit analyses •2D and 3D cases •Usage of higher order elements •Usage of elements with mixed formulation
•Val_004b Strip Footing Collapse o2D Explicit - QPM4, TPM6 o2D Implicit - QPM4, QPM4M, QPM8, QPM8M, TPM3M, TPM6, TPM6M o3D Explicit - HEX8 o3D Implicit - HEX8M, HEX20M, TET4M, TET10, TET10M
•Val_004c Cook's Membrane o2D Implicit - QPM4, QPM4M, QPM8, QPM8M, TPM3M, TPM6, TPM6M o3D Implicit - HEX8 (Bbar), HEX8M, HEX20, HEX20M, TET4M, TET10, TET10M
•Val_004d Billet Upsetting oCase01 von Mises ▪3D Explicit - HEX8 ▪3D Implicit - HEX8 (Bbar), HEX8M, HEX20M, TET4M, TET10, TET10M oCase02 Herschel-Bulkley ▪3D Explicit - HEX8 ▪3D Implicit - HEX8 (Bbar), HEX8M
Val_005 Hydrocarbon Maturation Examples	Thermal (2D) / Coupled THM (3D)
•Val_005a Kerogen to Oil and Gas Generation (Thermal) •Val_005b Oil to Gas Cracking (Thermal) •Val_005c Oil and Gas Expulsion (Coupled THM) •Val_005d Kerogen Thickness (Coupled THM)	•Petroleum generation, cracking and expulsion for the 5 pre-defined kerogen types (organofacies A, B, C, D/E and F)compared against results by Pepper and Corvi (1995a, 1995b) and Pepper and Dodd (1995)	Model definition (left), Scheme of hydrocarbon and kerogen kinetics (right)
Val_006 Well Geothermal - U-Shaped Closed-Loop Well System	Thermal (3D)
•Val_006a Radiant heat Ramey model 1 •Val_006b Radiant heat Hasan model 2	•U-shaped closed-loop well •Geothermal •Benchmarked against Stanford calculator based on Ramey equation	Schematic of model