The data file for this exercise is located in Rest_002/Step2/Data. Look for text in the datafile and follow the instructions.
In this example the data file to create the forward simulation is described. The file should be placed in the same folder as the .geo files generated during restoration (see the list of .geo files generated in results section from Rest_002 Step1).
In addition to the data structures used to read and process the restoration data in order to create the forward simulation data file, data to be included into the generated datafile can also be defined into the present datafile. Here the contact data to transfer the displacements from the generated part geometries and the model boundaries is defined (see Rest_002 for complete description of the processing of boundary conditions).
Data to be included in the generated forward model data file
Data required to define the forward model which is not directly related to processing restoration results for conversion is described here. This data will be automatically written to the generated forward model data file.
Contact data for the boundary conditions and the fault is defined.
Contact_surface
Data File
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* Contact_surface NUM=1
Name "East"
Property_name "Side_boundary"
Property_priority_number 1
Surface_interaction IDM=1
"East_pg"
* Contact_surface NUM=2
Name "West"
Property_name "Side_boundary"
Property_priority_number 1
Surface_interaction IDM=1
"West_pg"
* Contact_surface NUM=3
Name "Basal_horizon"
Property_name "Basal_horizon"
Property_priority_number 2
Surface_interaction IDM=1
"Basal_horizon_pg"
* Contact_surface NUM=4
Name "fault1_hgw"
Property_name "Fault"
Property_priority_number 1
Surface_interaction IDM=2
"fault1_ftw"
"Basal_horizon_pg"
* Contact_surface NUM=5
Name "fault1_ftw"
Property_name "Fault"
Property_priority_number 1
Surface_interaction IDM=1
"fault1_hgw"
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1Five Contact_surface data structures are defined for assigning properties and establishing contact relationships for: a.East boundary with generated prescribed geometry for East boundary b.West boundary with generated prescribed geometry for West boundary c.Basal horizon with generated prescribed geometry for basal horizon d.Fault hanging wall with fault footwall and generated prescribed geometry for basal horizon (note that some part of the fault hanging wall is exposed at the basal boundary) e.Fault footwall with fault hanging wall
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Contact_set
Data File
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* Contact_set NUM=1
Name "All"
Geometry_sets IDM=8
"fault1_ftw"
"fault1_hgw"
"East"
"East_pg"
"West"
"West_pg"
"Basal_horizon"
"Basal_horizon_pg"
Property_name "Frictionless"
Global_update_frequency 1000
Field_factor 0.2
Buffer_factor 5.0
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1A single contact set named "All_surfaces" is defined 2The list of included geometry sets is provided. These comprise: a.Fault footwall and hanging wall b.Side and basal boundaries and their corresponding part geometries that will be used to prescribe boundary conditions (e.g. East_pg). 3The default property assigned is named "Frictionless" 4Global contact search frequency is set to every 1000 mech steps 5Field factor is set to 0.2 6Buffer factor is set to 5.0
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Contact_global
Data File
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* Contact_global NUM=1
Included_contact_sets IDM=1
"All_surfaces"
All_geometry_flag 0
Corrective_step_flag 1
Factor_contact_time_step 0.75
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1Contact_global data structure is defined to specify that defined contact set named "All_surfaces" will be active in the forward simulation. 2The use of all external surfaces is OFF (All_geometry_flag = 0) 3A step to correct potential initial penetrations will be performed 4The factor of critical time step for the contact is set to 0.75
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Contact properties
Data File
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* Contact_property NUM=1
Name "Basal_horizon"
Field_dep_stiffness_model 1
Field_dep_stiffness_properties IDM=5
0.025
1.000
0.0
0.2
1.002
Compression_model 1
Compression_properties IDM=1
500.0
Tangential_model 2
Tangential_properties IDM=2
500.0
1.0
.
.
.
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1Four contact properties named "Basal_horizon, Side_boundary, Frictionless and Fault" are defined. 2All of them use a penetration dependent stiffness model (see Cont_001 Case4 for full explanation). 3Compression and Tangential properties are defined for each property. 4Some of the contact properties have defined adhesion properties.
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Geostatic data to be incorporated in the forward simulation data file is defined.
Data File
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* Geostatic_data NUM=1
Groups IDM=1
"formation1"
Porosity_spatial 1
K_value_x 0.7
K_value_z 0.7
Pore_pressure_distribution "Hydrostatic"
Time_curve 100
* Spatial_variation_definition NUM=1
Description "Porosity vs. Depth"
Type "Absolute"
Distribution "Depth_dependent"
Variation_assignment 1
* Spatial_variation_values NUM=1
Description "Normal Compaction Trend"
Time 0.0
Values_vs_depth IDM=35 JDM=2
0 179.3 ... 6097.4
0.48834 0.44717 ... 0.039523
* Geostatic_data NUM=2
Name "Sedimentation"
Porosity_spatial 1
K_value_x 0.7
K_value_z 0.7
Pore_pressure_distribution "Hydrostatic"
Time_curve 100
Deposition_flag 1
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1Geostatic initialization is applied to the pre-existing formation in the forward model (in this case only first formation). 2Porosity is initialized with the data defined in the Spatial_variation_definition number 1. 3The Spatial_variation_definition is assigned the porosity trend in depth defined in the Spatial_variation_values number 1. 4Effective stress ratio values of 0.7 are defined for X and Z directions. 5The assigned time curve for geostatic set is curve number 100. 6A second Geostatic_data structure is defined which is named "Sedimentation". This geostatic data will be assigned in sedimentation data so that deposition is performed following the normal compaction trend rather that a constant porosity. In this way consistency between restoration and forward simulation is ensured. Definition of this second Geostatic_data structure is required because internally Geostatic_data used for initialization (NUM=1) is removed once it has been used. Note that geostatic data naming of "Sedimentation" is compulsory to allow assignment to sedimentation data and Deposition_flag must be set to 1. |
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Data File
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* Adaptivity_control_data
Error_evaluation_frequency 1000
Default_element_sizes IDM=2
150
150
Maximum_remesh_frequency 10
List_of_remesh_sets IDM=1
1
* Adaptivity_set_data NUM=1
Group_numbers IDM=3
1 2 3
Deposition_flag 1
Distortion_area_data IDM=1
15
Element_sizes IDM=2
150
150
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1An Adaptivity_control_data structure is defined. 2Remesh will be performed at a constant mesh size of 150 m. 3The error evaluation frequency to assess whether a remesh is required is set to every 1000 mech steps and the maximum error checks before a remesh is enforced is set to 10. 4A single Adaptivity_set_data for all groups is defined.
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Data File
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* Time_curve_data NUM=1
Name "Rest_displacement"
Time_curve IDM=3
0.0 0.1 1.0
Time_factor IDM=3
0.0 0.0 1.0
Curve_type 1
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1A time curve for application of the restoration-derived boundary conditions is defined.
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Data related to restoration for forward model data processing
Here the data used to process restoration results data to automatically create a forward model is discussed.
Util_set_control_data
Data File
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* Util_set_control_data
Target_time_step 1.0E-04
Porous_flow_type 5
Element_size_bounds IDM=2
150
150
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1Util_set_control_data structure is used to define: aA target time step of 1.0·10-4 (it will create a Time_scaling_factors data structure) bSet porous flow type for all groups (groups are not needed to be defined as they are processed from restoration output) cMesh size bounds (it will create Mesh_control_data and Unstructured_mesh_data data structures) |
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Util_set_contact_data
Data File
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* Util_set_contact_data
Basal_property_name "Basal_horizon"
Side_property_name "Side_boundary"
Fault_property_name "Fault"
Side_boundary_generation_flag 0
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1Contact properties named "Basal_horizon", "Side_boundary" and "Fault" are assigned to basal boundary, side boundaries and faults by default (note that these contact properties were defined above). 2A contact_set for side boundaries will not be automatically generated (Side_boundary_generation_flag = 0).
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Util_set_material_data
Data File
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* Util_set_material_data
Material_file "Shale.mat"
Unit_names IDM=3
"formation1"
"formation2"
"formation3"
Mdb_material_names IDM=3
"Shale_CF75"
"Shale_CF75"
"Shale_CF75"
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1In Util_set_material_data materials are assigned to all pre-existing and deposited units. This will automatically assign the material data into created sedimentation data. 2The material file name should be specified. 3The list of stratigraphy units and list of corresponding assigned materials should be specified. |
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Util_basal_horizon
Data File
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* Util_basal_horizon
Name "Basal_horizon"
Lines IDM=2
1 11
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1Util_basal_horizon data structure is used to identify the basal boundary for the model. 2The list of lines that define the basal horizon must be specified.
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Util_set_boundary_data
Data File
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* Util_set_boundary_data
Surface_applied_stress 0.1
Side_boundary_flag 3
Basal_boundary_flag 1
Side_boundary_geometry_sets IDM=2
"West"
"East"
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1Util_set_boundary_data structure is used to define options and conditions for the model boundaries. 2A top surface stress of 0.1 MPa is defined (this will create a Stratigraphy_surface_load data structure). 3Side_boundary_flag is set to 3 (side boundaries won't be necessarily vertical and flat and will be fully defined from restoration data). 4Basal_boundary_flag is set to 1 (a fully prescribed boundary will be used for the basal boundary). 5The geometry sets defining the side boundaries must be provided.
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Util_fault_insertion
Data File
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* Util_fault_insertion
Insertion_type "Split"
Faults IDM=1
"Fault1"
Deposition_flag 1
Deposition_length_fact 1.0
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1Util_set_fault_insertion data structure is used to define that a split operation must be performed upon sedimentation of each new formation. 2Split operation will be performed for Fault1. Note that by default all faults are considered for split operation if Faults keyword is not defined. 3Deposition_flag = 1 indicates that a split operation will be performed upon sedimentation of each formation. 4Deposition_length_fact = 1 indicates that split will be performed considering the whole length of the fault path. Lower values will consider lower lengths of the total fault paths and therefore will result in a fault tip inside the split formation.
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Util_forward_create
Data File
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* Util_forward_create
Geometry_file_names 2
"Rest_002_Step1_formation3"
"Rest_002_Step1_formation2"
Analysis_file_name "Rest_002_Step3"
Basal_unit "formation1"
Pre_existing_top_unit "formation1"
Start_unit "formation2"
Pre_existing_geometry_flag 1
Pre_existing_sedimentation_flag 0
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1In Util_forward_create data structure the .geo files containing the data from restoration that will be processed in order to define the forward model must be listed. 2The order must be provided in restoration order (from the youngest formation to the oldest one). 3Note that there is a limitation for which the forward simulation must start from the configuration at deposition of the first sedimented unit (with accommodation space already created). For that reason "Rest_002_Step1_formation1.geo" is not included in the list. 4The Analysis_file_name defines the name of the generated forward model data file. 5In Basal_unit the basal formation for the pre-existing sediments considered in the forward model must be specified. 6In Pre_existing_top_unit the top formation for the pre-existing sediments considered in the forward model must be specified. 7In Start_unit the first unit to be sedimented is specified. 8Pre_existing_geometry_flag = 1 indicates that pre-existing geometry will be present in the forward model. 9Pre_existing_sedimentation_flag = 0 indicates that geostatic initialization is performed prior to sedimentation of the Start_unit. As a result two stages for geostatic initialization will be created: aInitial stage assuming Elastic constitutive model. bSecond stage in which material will change to nonlinear material and stress will be released.
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Results
The result files for the project are in directory: Rest_002\Step2\Results
Files generated after execution of the forward create data file which will be used to run the forward model are:
1Rest_002_Step3.dat main data file for the forward model 2Rest_002_Step3.geo geometry file containing the initial geometry for the forward model 3Rest_002_Step3.GeoSumm file containing the geometry data summary contained in the .geo file 4Rest_002_Step3_formation2.dat data file containing part geometry data which defines boundary displacements during deposition of formation 2. 5Rest_002_Step3_formation2.sed file containing the sedimentation horizon for deposition of formation 2. 6Rest_002_Step3_formation3.dat data file containing part geometry data which defines boundary displacements during deposition of formation 3. 7Rest_002_Step3_formation3.sed file containing the sedimentation horizon for deposition of formation 3. 8Rest_002_Step3_Pre_exist.dat data file containing part geometry data which provides support to the pre-existing geometry via either contact relationship or prescribed boundary data.
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