ParaGeo Examples

Title

Analysis Type - Features List / Utility

Model

ParaGeo Data Structures/Typical Application Models

Ex_001 Mechanical Contact

Mechanical (3D)

•Ex_001a Constant contact stiffness

•Ex_001b Field dependent stiffness

•Ex_001c Depth dependent stiffness

•Ex_001d Contact stiffness dependent on underlying element stiffness

•Contact data

Ex_002 Reservoir Depletion

Mechanical (3D)

•Case 01 Reservoir Depletion

•Case 01rst Reservoir Depletion from Restart

•Multistage initialization

•Pore pressure prescribed at mesh nodes (depletion)

•Usage of restart files

Ex_003 Transverse Isotropic Elasticity

Mechanical (3D)

•Ex_003a_##deg (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°) Various rotations of material system

•Transverse isotropic elasticity

•Material system rotation

Ex_004 3D Open Hole Wellbore Stability

Coupled HM (3D)

•Usage of Constraint_relaxation data

Ex_005 Sedimentation and Erosion Operations

Mechanical (3D) / Coupled THM (3D)

•Case 1 Sedimentation with Sub-layer

•Case 2 Sedimentation with Layer Merge

•Definition of special options for sedimentation and erosion

•Case 3 Erosion in a Column (THM)

•Case 3b Sedimentation and Erosion in a Fold (THM)

Ex_006 Eulerian Boundaries

Mechanical (2D)

•Case 1 Prescribed salt inflow

•Case 2 Prescribed salt outflow

•Case 3 Two free Eulerian boundaries

•Definition of Eulerian boundaries

Case 1 and 2 (left), Case 3 (right)

Ex_007 Using ParaGeo with Different Units

Thermal (2D)

•Case 1 Heat Transfer in Ma and Seconds

oCase01a - Input data in "Ma" time units and thermal units in "Joules"

o Case01b - Input data in "Ma" time units and thermal units in "Watts"

oCase01c - Input data in "seconds" time units

•Using ParaGeo with different heat transfer units

Ex_008 Well Element

Coupled THM (3D) / Thermal (3D) / Flow (3D)

•Case01 Injection and Production (THM)

•Usage of well elements in THM injection and production models

•Case02 With Contact Advection along Fault (THM)

•Contact advection along fault

•Case03 U-Shaped Geothermal Well with Multiple Well Completions (Thermal)

•U-shaped closed-loop well

•Geothermal

•Multi-layer, multi-well completions

•Case04 Influence of Skin Factor on Well Elements using the Peaceman Model (Flow)

•Peaceman flow model

•Influence of skin factor

Ex_009 HEX to TET Conversion

ParaGeo Utility

Mechanical (3D)

•Zmap Import

•Creation of the HEX Geometry

•HEX to TET Conversion

•Simulation Example

oEx_009_Sim01 - Three stage analysis (gravity initialization, single layer sedimentation, tectonic compression)

oEx_009_Sim02 - Mapping of facies from HEX grid to TET mesh

•Conversion of HEX mesh to TET mesh

HEX mesh (left), TET mesh (right)

Ex_010 Continuum Fault Flow Model

Coupled HM (3D)

•Case01 Confined Compression Test

oCase01a - Fault prediction based on plastic strain threshold of 0.1. Fault elements with perm enhanced by 100.

oCase01b - As Case01a but plastic strain threshold of 5.0.

oCase01c - Fault is seeded at different location to Case01a using part geometry. Both perm enhancement and strength reduction considered.

oCase01d - As Case01c but only perm enhancement considered.

•Continuum fault flow model

•Fault prediction using plastic strain threshold value and perm enhancement

•Fault seeding/insertion using part geometry

•Case02 Model with Sedimentation and Fault Propagation

Ex_011 Parameterised boundary for distributed displacements

Mechanical (3D)

•Apply non-constant displacements to boundaries

Ex_012 Mapping 3D Grids in 2D Geometries

Mechanical (2D and 3D)

•3D to 2D spatial grid mapping

Comparison of mapped facies distribution for 3D grid -> 3D geom and 3D grid -> 2D geom

Ex_013 Porous flow types and pore pressure loads

Coupled HM and Mechanical (3D)

•Case01 Porous Flow Type Assumptions

•Assumptions for each porous flow types

•Discussion of results after initialisation

•Output pore pressure variables

•Case02 Pore Pressure Loading for Different Porous Flow Types

•Appropriate pore pressure loading for the different porous flow types

Ex_014 Analytical Permeability Models

Coupled (3D)

•Case01a - Power Law

•Case01b - Power Law (with anisotropy and permeability cutoffs)

•Case02 - Kozeny-Carman (with anisotropy)

•Case03 - Exponential model (with anisotropy)

•Case04 - Yang and Aplin model (with anisotropy)

•Usage of different analytical porosity - permeability models

•Usage of keywords to constrain the allowable range of permeabilities

•Definition of permeability anisotropy for the analytical models