Geological Modelling Workflow and Restoration

Title

Analysis Type - Features List / Utility

Model

Restoration

Rest_001 Restoration of a fold

Mechanical (2D)

•Case 1 Base Case Description

•Case 2 Restoration with Bedding Plane Slip

•Case 3 Restoration with Decompaction (Synchronous)

•Case 3b Restoration with Decompaction (Sequential)

•Case 4 Force-based bed length constraint (High stiffness)

•Case 5 Force-based bed length constraint (Low stiffness)

•Case 6 Displacement-based bed length preservation

•Restoration - translate/restore

•Restoration with bedding plane slip

•Restoration with decompaction following prescribed porosity vs depth trend

•Part geometry data

•Stratigraphy definition

•Top surface bed-length constraint/preservation using force/displacement

Rest_002 Restoration to forward: A normal fault model

Mechanical (2D)

•Step 1 Restoration

•Step 2 Forward create data file

•Step 3 Description of the generated forward simulation data file

•Faulted model with contact

•Restoration with decompaction

•Utility to create forward model data from restoration

Rest_002b Restoration to forward: A normal fault model in 3D

Mechanical (3D)

•Step 1 Restoration

•Faulted model with contact

•Restoration with decompaction

Rest_003 Restoration to forward work flow for mini-basin type models

Mechanical (2D)

•Step 1 Restoration

•Restoration with decompaction

•Output of isopachs as sedimentation horizons

•Step 2 Forward simulation

•Forward simulation using extracted isopachs from restoration

Geological Modelling Workflow

Geol_001 Geological Modelling Workflow

Mechanical (2D)

•01 - Geometry creation

•02 - Restoration

•03 - Restoration to Forward

•04 - Forward simulation

•Geometry .dxf preparation in CAD

•.dxf to ParaGeo geometry .geo workflow

•Restoration with decompaction

•Forward simulation

•Utility to create forward model data from restoration

Geol_002 Geological Modelling with Zmap Import

ParaGeo Utility

Mechanical & Coupled THM (3D)

•Case01 Column Model

•Zmap file import and export to Abaqus .inp file utility

•Conversion of .inp file to ParaGeo .geo file

•Hydrocarbon generation layers

•Restoration modelling (geomechanical)

•Sedimentation modelling (THM)

•Moving water table with time

•Directional decompaction

•Boundary node extraction from irregular boundaries

•Hexahedral mesh model

•Basal thermal flux

•Case02 Slice Model

•Case03a 3D Small Irregular Grid Model with 'Ragged' Boundaries

•Case03b 3D Large Irregular Grid Model with 'Ragged' Boundaries

Geol_002b Additional functionality for Geological Modelling

Mechanical & Coupled THM (3D)

•Case01 Membrane elements and boundary couple freedoms

•Membrane elements for bed length preservation

•Boundary column nodes with coupled freedoms

                    (a) Membrane (triangle) elements on top surface    (b) Column of coupled nodes on boundary

•Case02 Spatial distribution of facies

•With spatial distribution of material property facies

Facies distribution in Formation 08 in tutorial sub-model

•Case03 Modelling erosion

•With erosion in restoration & sedimentation

•Case04 Spatial heat flow

•With spatial distribution basal heat flux

Basal heat flux distribution

Geol_003 Geological Modelling for TET meshes

ParaGeo Utility

Mechanical (3D)

•Case01 Workflow for TET models built from Zmaps

•Zmap file import and export to Abaqus .inp file utility

•Conversion of .inp file to ParaGeo .geo file

•Hex to TET conversion

•Restoration modelling with adaptivity (geomechanical)

•Utility to create forward model data from restoration

•Sedimentation modelling (geomechanical)

•Spatial distribution of facies

Facies distribution from zmap (left) and after forward modelling (right)

•Case02 Forward simulation from a non-final restoration paleo-time

•Utility to read plot file results and export a spatial grid

•Utility to create forward model data from restoration

•Sedimentation modelling (geomechanical)

•Spatial distribution of facies

Schematic of the workflow

Hydrocarbon Maturation

Kin_001 HC kinetics in uniaxial column with deposition

Coupled THM (2D)

•THM sedimentation

•Multi-kerogen sediment layers

•Influence of HC kinetics on pore pressure, porosity and strength

•Combined use of two damping models for long column